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# Luash - Minimal Lua Shell Scripting
A lightweight Lua preprocessor that makes Lua a capable shell scripting language, combining the readability of Lua with the power of shell commands.
## Why Luash?
**Clean Syntax**: No more `$((arithmetic))`, `${parameter:-default}`, or complex quoting nightmares
**Real Programming**: Full Lua language features - tables, functions, proper data structures
**Shell Integration**: Seamless shell command execution with familiar syntax
**Minimal**: Just 4 core functions, no bloat
## Quick Start
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env luash
# Environment variables (clean syntax)
print("Hello " .. $USER .. "!")
# Variable assignment
$MY_VAR = "some value"
# Shell commands with backticks
files = `ls -la`
current_dir = `pwd`
# Interactive commands
!git status
# The power of Lua + shell
if `test -f README.md` ~= "" then
lines = `wc -l < README.md`
print("README has " .. lines .. " lines")
end
```
## Core Features
### Environment Variables
```lua
# Access with clean $ syntax
print("User: " .. $USER)
print("Shell: " .. $SHELL)
# Assignment
$MY_VAR = "hello world"
print($MY_VAR)
# Inside strings are preserved literally
print("This prints: $USER (not substituted)")
```
### Shell Commands
```lua
# Command substitution with backticks
files = `ls -la`
date = `date +%Y-%m-%d`
# Variable interpolation in commands
service = "ssh"
result = `pgrep #{service} | wc -l`
host = "google.com"
ping_result = `ping -c 1 #{host} >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "ok"`
# Interactive commands (direct output)
!git status
!top
```
### The Power of Lua
```lua
# Real data structures
users = {"alice", "bob", "charlie"}
for i = 1, #users do
print("User " .. i .. ": " .. users[i])
end
# Functions and logic
function backup_file(filename)
if `test -f ` .. filename .. `` ~= "" then
`cp ` .. filename .. ` ` .. filename .. `.bak`
return true
end
return false
end
```
## Live Demos
Run these demos to see luash in action:
```bash
# Basic features demo
./luash demo_basic.luash
# Quick comparison with bash
./luash demo_quick_examples.luash
# System administration tasks
./luash demo_system_admin.luash
# Development workflow automation
./luash demo_development.luash
# Data processing and analysis
./luash demo_data_processing.luash
# Interactive demo runner
./luash run_demos.luash
```
### What You Get
#### File System Operations
```lua
-- Check file existence
if fs.exists("config.txt") then
content = fs.read("config.txt")
end
-- File operations
fs.write("output.txt", "Hello World")
fs.append("log.txt", "New entry\n")
-- Advanced file operations
file.copy("source.txt", "backup.txt")
file.move("old.txt", "new.txt")
lines = file.lines("data.txt") -- Read as array of lines
```
#### Directory Operations
```lua
-- Directory management
dir.create("new_folder") -- mkdir -p equivalent
files = dir.list("/tmp") -- List directory contents
current = dir.pwd() -- Get current directory
-- Convenience aliases
mkdir("test")
cd("/home/user")
ls("/var/log")
```
#### String Utilities
```lua
-- String manipulation
parts = str.split("a,b,c", ",")
clean = str.trim(" whitespace ")
bool = str.starts_with("hello", "hel")
-- Text processing
result = text.grep("pattern", "file.txt")
lines = text.head(10, "large_file.txt")
count = text.wc("-l", "data.txt") -- Line count
```
#### Array/Table Operations
```lua
-- Array utilities
found = array.contains({"a", "b", "c"}, "b")
doubled = array.map({1, 2, 3}, function(x) return x * 2 end)
evens = array.filter({1, 2, 3, 4}, function(x) return x % 2 == 0 end)
```
#### Path Utilities
```lua
-- Path manipulation
full_path = path.join("/usr", "local", "bin", "luash")
dir_name = path.dirname("/path/to/file.txt") -- "/path/to"
base_name = path.basename("/path/to/file.txt") -- "file.txt"
extension = path.ext("document.pdf") -- "pdf"
```
#### System Information
```lua
-- System utilities
os_name = sys.os() -- "linux", "darwin", etc.
arch = sys.arch() -- "x86_64", "arm64", etc.
hostname = sys.hostname() -- Get machine name
user = sys.whoami() -- Current username
memory_info = sys.memory() -- Memory usage
disk_info = sys.disk("/") -- Disk usage
```
#### Network Operations
```lua
-- Network utilities
success = net.download("https://example.com/file.txt", "local_file.txt")
response = net.get("https://api.example.com/data")
post_result = net.post("https://api.example.com/submit", "key=value")
reachable = net.ping("google.com", 3) -- Ping 3 times
```
#### Process Management
```lua
-- Process operations
my_pid = proc.pid()
git_path = proc.which("git") -- Find executable path
-- Job control
job.background("long_running_command")
job.kill(1234, "TERM") -- Kill process by PID
job.killall("firefox") -- Kill all processes by name
processes = job.ps() -- Get process list
```
#### Logging and Colors
```lua
-- Colored logging
log.info("Information message")
log.warn("Warning message")
log.error("Error message")
log.success("Success message")
-- Color output
print(color.red("Error text"))
print(color.green("Success text"))
print(color.bold(color.yellow("Important notice")))
```
#### Archive Operations
```lua
-- Compression utilities
archive.tar_create("backup.tar.gz", {"file1.txt", "file2.txt"})
archive.tar_extract("backup.tar.gz", "/destination")
archive.zip_create("archive.zip", {"folder1", "folder2"})
archive.zip_extract("archive.zip", "/extract_here")
```
### Convenience Aliases
Common shell commands are available as Lua functions:
```lua
ls() -- ls -la
pwd() -- Get current directory
cd("/path") -- Change directory
mkdir("folder") -- Create directory
rm("file") -- Remove file
cp("src", "dst") -- Copy file
mv("old", "new") -- Move/rename file
cat("file.txt") -- Read file contents
echo("Hello") -- Print and return text
grep("pattern", "file.txt") -- Search in file
head(5, "file.txt") -- First 5 lines
tail(10, "file.txt") -- Last 10 lines
wc("-l", "file.txt") -- Count lines
```
## Usage
### Basic Usage
```bash
./luash script.luash
```
### Debug Mode
```bash
LUASH_DEBUG=1 ./luash script.luash
```
### Example Script
See `example.luash` for a comprehensive demonstration of all features.
## Installation
1. Clone or download the luash repository
2. Make the script executable: `chmod +x luash`
3. Optionally, add to your PATH for system-wide access
## Syntax Examples
### Environment Variables in Strings
```lua
-- These will substitute environment variables
message = "Hello ${USER}, your shell is ${SHELL}"
path = "$HOME/Documents"
-- These will print literally (inside double quotes)
print("This will just print normally $SHELL")
print("This will substitute with the environment variable ${SHELL}")
```
### Command Interpolation
```lua
-- Variable substitution in commands
branch = "main"
result = `git checkout #{branch}`
-- Multiple variables
user = "john"
host = "server.com"
output = `ssh #{user}@#{host} 'ls -la'`
```
### File Processing Pipeline
```lua
-- Read, process, and write files
lines = file.lines("input.txt")
processed = array.map(lines, function(line)
return str.trim(line):upper()
end)
file.write_lines("output.txt", processed)
```
## Why Luash?
- **Readable**: Lua's clean syntax is more maintainable than bash
- **Powerful**: Full programming language features (tables, functions, modules)
- **Fast**: Lua is lightweight and executes quickly
- **Portable**: Works on any system with Lua installed
- **Safe**: Better error handling than shell scripts
- **Familiar**: Shell-like utilities with programming language benefits
## Preprocessor Pipeline
Luash applies several preprocessing steps:
1. **Environment Variable Substitution**: `$VAR` and `${VAR}` → `env.get('VAR')`
2. **Interactive Command Processing**: `!command` → `run('command')`
3. **Shell Command Substitution**: `` `command` `` → `shell('command')`
4. **Variable Interpolation**: `#{var}` in commands → Lua string concatenation
5. **Library Injection**: Comprehensive shell utilities loaded automatically
## License
This project is designed to make shell scripting more pleasant and maintainable while retaining the power and familiarity of traditional shell tools.

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# Luash
A lua preprocessor for shell scripting.
## Why
Although traditional POSIX shells are highly portable and can be extremely fast, their syntax can be arduous to read.
Lua is a lightweight and fast language that already has the features needed to become a great scripting language.
This project aims to add syntactic sugar to make the process of write commands in lua much easier.
Inspired by other projects such as Xonsh and Ruby.
## Features
Shell execution via backticks
```lua
files = `ls -a`
```
Variable substitution in shell commands
```lua
dir = "/"
files = `ls #{dir}`
```
Environment variable access
```lua
print($SHELL)
terminal = $TERM
print("This will just print normally $SHELL")
print("This will substitute with the environment variable ${SHELL}")
```

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-- Minimal luash helper functions
-- Local environment variable storage
local env_vars = {}
-- Environment variable access
function env_get(name)
-- Check local storage first, then system environment
return env_vars[name] or os.getenv(name) or ""
end
function env_set(name, value)
-- Store locally for this session
env_vars[name] = tostring(value)
-- Also try to set for subprocesses with proper quoting
local quoted_value = "'" .. tostring(value):gsub("'", "'\"'\"'") .. "'"
os.execute("export " .. name .. "=" .. quoted_value)
end
-- Shell command execution
function shell(command)
local handle = io.popen(command, "r")
if not handle then return "" end
local output = handle:read("*a")
handle:close()
-- Remove trailing newlines
return (output or ""):gsub("[\r\n]+$", "")
end
-- Interactive command execution (shows output directly)
function run(command)
return os.execute(command)
end

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Quick Examples: Bite-sized demos showing luash vs bash
print("=== Luash vs Bash: Quick Examples ===\n")
print("1. Environment Variables")
print(" Bash: echo $USER")
print(" Luash: print($USER)")
print(" → " .. $USER)
print("\n2. Variable Assignment")
print(" Bash: MY_VAR=\"hello\"")
print(" Luash: $MY_VAR = \"hello\"")
$MY_VAR = "hello"
print(" → " .. $MY_VAR)
print("\n3. Command Substitution")
print(" Bash: current_dir=$(pwd)")
print(" Luash: current_dir = `pwd`")
current_dir = `pwd`
print(" → " .. current_dir)
print("\n4. Conditional Logic")
print(" Bash: if [ -f \"README.md\" ]; then echo \"exists\"; fi")
print(" Luash: if `test -f README.md` == \"\" then print(\"missing\") else print(\"exists\") end")
if `test -f README.md && echo "yes"` == "yes" then
print(" → exists")
else
print(" → missing")
end
print("\n5. Loops with Arrays")
print(" Bash: for file in *.lua; do echo $file; done")
print(" Luash: files = `ls *.lua`; for file in files:gmatch(\"[^\\n]+\") do print(file) end")
files = `ls *.luash`
print(" → Files found:")
for file in files:gmatch("[^\n]+") do
print(" " .. file)
end
print("\n6. String Processing")
print(" Bash: echo \"hello world\" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'")
print(" Luash: string.upper(\"hello world\")")
print(" → " .. string.upper("hello world"))
print("\n7. Math Operations")
print(" Bash: result=$((5 + 3))")
print(" Luash: result = 5 + 3")
result = 5 + 3
print(" → " .. result)
print("\n8. File Operations")
print(" Bash: cat file.txt | wc -l")
print(" Luash: line_count = `cat luash | wc -l`")
line_count = `cat luash | wc -l`
print(" → " .. line_count .. " lines in luash script")
print("\n9. Error Handling")
print(" Bash: command || echo \"failed\"")
print(" Luash: if `command 2>/dev/null` == \"\" then print(\"failed\") end")
if `nonexistent_command 2>/dev/null` == "" then
print(" → command failed (as expected)")
end
print("\n10. Complex Data Structures")
print(" Bash: (limited array support)")
print(" Luash: Full Lua tables!")
data = {
users = {"alice", "bob", "charlie"},
scores = {alice = 95, bob = 87, charlie = 92}
}
print(" → Users: " .. table.concat(data.users, ", "))
print(" → Alice's score: " .. data.scores.alice)
print("\n✨ Luash combines the best of shell scripting with Lua's power!")

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Basic Luash Demo: Environment Variables and Shell Commands
print("=== Basic Luash Features ===\n")
-- Environment variable access (clean syntax)
print("1. Environment Variables:")
print(" User: " .. $USER)
print(" Shell: " .. $SHELL)
print(" Home: " .. $HOME)
-- Environment variable assignment
print("\n2. Setting Environment Variables:")
$MY_VAR = "Hello from Luash!"
print(" Set MY_VAR = " .. $MY_VAR)
-- String literals preserve $ symbols
print("\n3. Strings preserve $ literals:")
print(" This prints literally: $USER and $HOME are variables")
-- Shell command execution with backticks
print("\n4. Shell Commands:")
hostname = `hostname`
print(" Hostname: " .. hostname)
date_info = `date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
print(" Current time: " .. date_info)
-- Interactive commands for direct output
print("\n5. Interactive Commands:")
print(" Directory listing:")
!ls -la
print("\n6. Combining Lua logic with shell:")
files = `ls -1`
file_count = 0
for line in files:gmatch("[^\n]+") do
file_count = file_count + 1
end
print(" Found " .. file_count .. " files in current directory")

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Data Processing Demo: File processing, text manipulation, and analysis
print("=== Data Processing with Luash ===\n")
-- Create sample data for demonstration
print("1. Creating Sample Data:")
sample_data = [[timestamp,user,action,value
2024-01-01 10:00:00,alice,login,1
2024-01-01 10:05:00,bob,purchase,25.50
2024-01-01 10:10:00,alice,logout,1
2024-01-01 10:15:00,charlie,login,1
2024-01-01 10:20:00,bob,purchase,15.75
2024-01-01 10:25:00,charlie,purchase,45.00]]
-- Write sample data to file
local file = io.open("sample_data.csv", "w")
file:write(sample_data)
file:close()
print(" Sample CSV data created: sample_data.csv")
-- File analysis using shell commands
print("\n2. File Analysis:")
line_count = `wc -l < sample_data.csv`
print(" Total lines: " .. line_count)
file_size = `du -h sample_data.csv | cut -f1`
print(" File size: " .. file_size)
-- Data extraction and filtering
print("\n3. Data Extraction:")
print(" Purchase transactions:")
!grep "purchase" sample_data.csv
-- Using Lua for more complex processing
print("\n4. Advanced Processing with Lua:")
local data_file = io.open("sample_data.csv", "r")
local purchases = {}
local users = {}
-- Skip header line
data_file:read("*line")
-- Process each line
for line in data_file:lines() do
local timestamp, user, action, value = line:match("([^,]+),([^,]+),([^,]+),([^,]+)")
if action == "purchase" then
table.insert(purchases, {
timestamp = timestamp,
user = user,
amount = tonumber(value)
})
end
users[user] = true
end
data_file:close()
-- Calculate statistics
local total_amount = 0
local purchase_count = #purchases
for i = 1, purchase_count do
total_amount = total_amount + purchases[i].amount
end
local user_count = 0
for user, _ in pairs(users) do
user_count = user_count + 1
end
print(" Statistics:")
print(" - Total users: " .. user_count)
print(" - Total purchases: " .. purchase_count)
print(" - Total revenue: $" .. string.format("%.2f", total_amount))
print(" - Average purchase: $" .. string.format("%.2f", total_amount / purchase_count))
-- Log file processing
print("\n5. Log Processing:")
log_content = `tail -20 /var/log/system.log 2>/dev/null || echo "Log not accessible"`
if log_content ~= "Log not accessible" then
print(" Recent system log entries found")
else
-- Create a sample log for demonstration
sample_log = [[2024-01-01 10:00:01 INFO: Application started
2024-01-01 10:00:05 DEBUG: Database connection established
2024-01-01 10:00:10 WARN: High memory usage detected
2024-01-01 10:00:15 ERROR: Failed to connect to external API
2024-01-01 10:00:20 INFO: Retrying API connection
2024-01-01 10:00:25 INFO: API connection restored]]
local log_file = io.open("sample.log", "w")
log_file:write(sample_log)
log_file:close()
print(" Created sample.log for demonstration")
print(" Log analysis:")
-- Count log levels
error_count = `grep -c "ERROR" sample.log`
warn_count = `grep -c "WARN" sample.log`
info_count = `grep -c "INFO" sample.log`
print(" - Errors: " .. error_count)
print(" - Warnings: " .. warn_count)
print(" - Info messages: " .. info_count)
end
-- Text transformation
print("\n6. Text Transformation:")
input_text = "Hello World, this is a TEST message"
-- Using shell commands for text processing
upper_text = `echo "` .. input_text .. `" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'`
print(" Uppercase: " .. upper_text)
word_count = `echo "` .. input_text .. `" | wc -w`
print(" Word count: " .. word_count)
-- Using Lua for more complex transformations
words = {}
for word in input_text:gmatch("%w+") do
table.insert(words, word)
end
print(" Words: " .. table.concat(words, ", "))
print(" Reversed: " .. table.concat(words, " "):reverse())
-- Batch file processing
print("\n7. Batch Processing:")
-- Create multiple sample files
for i = 1, 3 do
local batch_file = io.open("batch_" .. i .. ".txt", "w")
batch_file:write("Sample content for file " .. i .. "\n")
batch_file:write("Line 2 of file " .. i .. "\n")
batch_file:close()
end
print(" Created 3 batch files")
-- Process all batch files
batch_files = `ls batch_*.txt`
total_lines = 0
for filename in batch_files:gmatch("[^\n]+") do
local lines = `wc -l < ` .. filename
total_lines = total_lines + tonumber(lines)
print(" " .. filename .. ": " .. lines .. " lines")
end
print(" Total lines across all files: " .. total_lines)
-- Cleanup
print("\n8. Cleanup:")
!rm -f sample_data.csv sample.log batch_*.txt
print(" Temporary files cleaned up")
print("\n✓ Data processing demo completed!")

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Development Workflow Demo: Git, building, and deployment tasks
print("=== Development Workflow with Luash ===\n")
-- Check if we're in a git repository
print("1. Git Repository Check:")
git_status = `git status 2>/dev/null || echo "not_a_repo"`
if git_status ~= "not_a_repo" then
current_branch = `git branch --show-current`
print(" ✓ Git repository detected")
print(" Current branch: " .. current_branch)
-- Check for uncommitted changes
changes = `git status --porcelain`
if changes ~= "" then
print(" ⚠ Uncommitted changes detected")
else
print(" ✓ Working directory clean")
end
else
print(" ✗ Not a git repository")
end
-- Project setup and dependency management
print("\n2. Project Dependencies:")
project_files = {"package.json", "requirements.txt", "Cargo.toml", "go.mod"}
for i = 1, #project_files do
local file = project_files[i]
local exists = `test -f ` .. file .. ` && echo "yes" || echo "no"`
if exists == "yes" then
print(" Found " .. file)
-- Run appropriate install command
if file == "package.json" then
print(" Installing npm dependencies...")
!npm install
elseif file == "requirements.txt" then
print(" Python project detected")
!pip install -r requirements.txt
elseif file == "Cargo.toml" then
print(" Rust project detected")
!cargo build
elseif file == "go.mod" then
print(" Go project detected")
!go mod tidy
end
break
end
end
-- Build and test automation
print("\n3. Build and Test:")
$BUILD_START = `date`
print(" Build started at: " .. $BUILD_START)
-- Simple build logic based on project type
if `test -f Makefile && echo "yes"` == "yes" then
print(" Running make...")
build_result = `make 2>&1`
if string.find(build_result, "error") or string.find(build_result, "Error") then
print(" ✗ Build failed")
print(" " .. build_result)
else
print(" ✓ Build successful")
end
elseif `test -f package.json && echo "yes"` == "yes" then
print(" Running npm build...")
!npm run build 2>/dev/null || echo " No build script found"
else
print(" No build system detected")
end
-- Code quality checks
print("\n4. Code Quality:")
code_files = `find . -name "*.lua" -o -name "*.js" -o -name "*.py" | head -10`
if code_files ~= "" then
line_count = `find . -name "*.lua" -o -name "*.js" -o -name "*.py" | xargs wc -l 2>/dev/null | tail -1 | awk '{print $1}'`
print(" Total lines of code: " .. line_count)
file_count = `find . -name "*.lua" -o -name "*.js" -o -name "*.py" | wc -l`
print(" Code files: " .. file_count)
end
-- Deployment preparation
print("\n5. Deployment Preparation:")
$VERSION = `git describe --tags 2>/dev/null || echo "v1.0.0"`
print(" Version: " .. $VERSION)
-- Create deployment package
print(" Creating deployment package...")
package_name = "deploy_" .. string.gsub($VERSION, "%.", "_") .. ".tar.gz"
-- Use Lua string manipulation instead of shell interpolation
!tar --exclude='.git' --exclude='node_modules' --exclude='*.log' -czf deploy_package.tar.gz .
if `test -f deploy_package.tar.gz && echo "yes"` == "yes" then
package_size = `du -h deploy_package.tar.gz | cut -f1`
print(" ✓ Package created: deploy_package.tar.gz (" .. package_size .. ")")
else
print(" ✗ Package creation failed")
end
-- Environment-specific deployment
print("\n6. Environment Deployment:")
$DEPLOY_ENV = "staging" -- Could be passed as argument
print(" Target environment: " .. $DEPLOY_ENV)
-- Simulate deployment steps
deployment_steps = {
"Validating package integrity",
"Backing up current version",
"Uploading new version",
"Running database migrations",
"Restarting services",
"Running health checks"
}
for i = 1, #deployment_steps do
print(" " .. i .. ". " .. deployment_steps[i] .. "...")
-- In real deployment, these would be actual commands
`sleep 0.5` -- Simulate work
print(" ✓ Complete")
end
print("\n 🚀 Deployment to " .. $DEPLOY_ENV .. " completed successfully!")

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Quick Examples: Bite-sized demos showing luash vs bash
print("=== Luash vs Bash: Quick Examples ===\n")
print("1. Environment Variables")
print(" Bash: echo $USER")
print(" Luash: print($USER)")
print(" → " .. $USER)
print("\n2. Variable Assignment")
print(" Bash: MY_VAR=\"hello\"")
print(" Luash: $MY_VAR = \"hello\"")
$MY_VAR = "hello"
print(" → " .. $MY_VAR)
print("\n3. Command Substitution")
print(" Bash: current_dir=$(pwd)")
print(" Luash: current_dir = `pwd`")
current_dir = `pwd`
print(" → " .. current_dir)
print("\n4. Conditional Logic")
print(" Bash: if [ -f \"README.md\" ]; then echo \"exists\"; fi")
print(" Luash: if `test -f README.md` == \"\" then print(\"missing\") else print(\"exists\") end")
if `test -f README.md && echo "yes"` == "yes" then
print(" → exists")
else
print(" → missing")
end
print("\n5. Loops with Arrays")
print(" Bash: for file in *.lua; do echo $file; done")
print(" Luash: files = `ls *.lua`; for file in files:gmatch(\"[^\\n]+\") do print(file) end")
files = `ls *.luash`
print(" → Files found:")
for file in files:gmatch("[^\n]+") do
print(" " .. file)
end
print("\n6. String Processing")
print(" Bash: echo \"hello world\" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'")
print(" Luash: string.upper(\"hello world\")")
print(" → " .. string.upper("hello world"))
print("\n7. Math Operations")
print(" Bash: result=$((5 + 3))")
print(" Luash: result = 5 + 3")
result = 5 + 3
print(" → " .. result)
print("\n8. File Operations")
print(" Bash: cat file.txt | wc -l")
print(" Luash: line_count = `cat luash | wc -l`")
line_count = `cat luash | wc -l`
print(" → " .. line_count .. " lines in luash script")
print("\n9. Error Handling")
print(" Bash: command || echo \"failed\"")
print(" Luash: if `command 2>/dev/null` == \"\" then print(\"failed\") end")
if `nonexistent_command 2>/dev/null` == "" then
print(" → command failed (as expected)")
end
print("\n10. Complex Data Structures")
print(" Bash: (limited array support)")
print(" Luash: Full Lua tables!")
data = {
users = {"alice", "bob", "charlie"},
scores = {alice = 95, bob = 87, charlie = 92}
}
print(" → Users: " .. table.concat(data.users, ", "))
print(" → Alice's score: " .. data.scores.alice)
print("\n✨ Luash combines the best of shell scripting with Lua's power!")

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Demo Runner: Showcase all luash capabilities
print("🚀 Welcome to Luash Demos!")
print("=" .. string.rep("=", 50))
demos = {
{name = "Basic Features", file = "demo_basic.luash", description = "Environment variables, shell commands, and string handling"},
{name = "Quick Examples", file = "demo_quick_examples.luash", description = "Side-by-side comparison with bash"},
{name = "System Administration", file = "demo_system_admin.luash", description = "Real-world sysadmin tasks"},
{name = "Development Workflow", file = "demo_development.luash", description = "Git, building, and deployment automation"},
{name = "Data Processing", file = "demo_data_processing.luash", description = "File processing and text analysis"}
}
print("\nAvailable demos:")
for i = 1, #demos do
print(" " .. i .. ". " .. demos[i].name)
print(" " .. demos[i].description)
end
print("\nEnter demo number (1-" .. #demos .. "), 'all' to run all demos, or 'q' to quit:")
-- In a real interactive version, we'd read input
-- For now, let's run a specific demo or all
demo_choice = "1" -- Change this to test different demos
if demo_choice == "all" then
for i = 1, #demos do
print("\n" .. string.rep("=", 60))
print("Running Demo " .. i .. ": " .. demos[i].name)
print(string.rep("=", 60))
!./luash $demos[i].file
print("\nPress Enter to continue...")
!read
end
elseif tonumber(demo_choice) and tonumber(demo_choice) >= 1 and tonumber(demo_choice) <= #demos then
local choice = tonumber(demo_choice)
print("\n" .. string.rep("=", 60))
print("Running Demo: " .. demos[choice].name)
print(string.rep("=", 60))
!./luash demos[choice].file
else
print("Running basic demo...")
!./luash demo_basic.luash
end
print("\n✨ Thanks for trying Luash!")

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Luash Showcase: Highlight the best features
print("🚀 Luash - Minimal Lua Shell Scripting")
print("=" .. string.rep("=", 45))
print("\n💡 Why Luash?")
print("✓ Clean syntax - no more bash quoting nightmares")
print("✓ Real programming language features")
print("✓ Seamless shell integration")
print("✓ Minimal and focused")
print("\n📊 Quick Comparison:")
print("┌─────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐")
print("│ Task │ Bash │ Luash │")
print("├─────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤")
print("│ Variables │ VAR=\"value\" │ $VAR = \"value\" │")
print("│ Command Sub │ result=$(cmd) │ result = `cmd` │")
print("│ Conditionals │ if [ -f file ]; fi │ if `test -f file` │")
print("│ Arrays │ arr=(a b c) │ arr = {\"a\",\"b\",\"c\"} │")
print("│ Functions │ Limited │ Full Lua functions │")
print("└─────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘")
print("\n🎯 Live Examples:")
print("\n1. Environment & Variables")
print(" Current user: " .. $USER)
$GREETING = "Hello from Luash"
print(" Custom var: " .. $GREETING)
print("\n2. Shell Integration")
system_info = `uname -a`
print(" System: " .. system_info)
file_count = `ls | wc -l`
print(" Files here: " .. file_count)
print("\n3. Real Programming")
-- Lua's power: functions, tables, proper data types
function analyze_directory(path)
local files = `ls -la ` .. (path or ".")
local lines = {}
local file_count = 0
local total_size = 0
for line in files:gmatch("[^\n]+") do
if not line:match("^total") and not line:match("^d") then
file_count = file_count + 1
-- Extract size (5th field in ls -la)
local size = line:match("%S+%s+%S+%s+%S+%s+%S+%s+(%d+)")
if size then
total_size = total_size + tonumber(size)
end
end
end
return file_count, total_size
end
files, size = analyze_directory()
print(" Analysis: " .. files .. " files, " .. size .. " bytes total")
print("\n4. Error Handling")
if `which git 2>/dev/null` ~= "" then
print(" ✓ Git is available")
if `git status 2>/dev/null` ~= "" then
branch = `git branch --show-current 2>/dev/null`
print(" Current branch: " .. branch)
else
print(" Not in a git repository")
end
else
print(" ✗ Git not installed")
end
print("\n5. Data Processing")
-- Create and process some data
sample_data = {
{name = "Alice", score = 95},
{name = "Bob", score = 87},
{name = "Charlie", score = 92}
}
total_score = 0
for i = 1, #sample_data do
total_score = total_score + sample_data[i].score
end
average = total_score / #sample_data
print(" Student scores processed:")
print(" Average: " .. string.format("%.1f", average))
-- Find highest scorer
best_student = sample_data[1]
for i = 2, #sample_data do
if sample_data[i].score > best_student.score then
best_student = sample_data[i]
end
end
print(" Top student: " .. best_student.name .. " (" .. best_student.score .. ")")
print("\n🎪 Interactive Demo:")
print(" Let's see what's running on your system...")
!ps aux | head -5
print("\n📈 Performance:")
start_time = `date +%s.%N`
-- Simulate some work
for i = 1, 1000 do
local _ = string.upper("performance test " .. i)
end
end_time = `date +%s.%N`
-- Calculate duration (requires bash-style arithmetic)
duration = tonumber(end_time) - tonumber(start_time)
print(" Processed 1000 operations in " .. string.format("%.3f", duration) .. " seconds")
print("\n✨ Try these demos:")
print(" ./luash demo_quick_examples.luash # Side-by-side with bash")
print(" ./luash demo_system_admin.luash # Sysadmin tasks")
print(" ./luash demo_development.luash # Dev workflows")
print(" ./luash demo_data_processing.luash # Data analysis")
print("\n🎉 Luash: Shell scripting that doesn't make you cry!")

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- System Administration Demo: Real-world sysadmin tasks
print("=== System Administration with Luash ===\n")
-- System information gathering
print("1. System Information:")
os_name = `uname -s`
architecture = `uname -m`
uptime_info = `uptime`
print(" OS: " .. os_name)
print(" Architecture: " .. architecture)
print(" Uptime: " .. uptime_info)
-- Process management
print("\n2. Process Management:")
process_count = `ps aux | wc -l`
print(" Total processes: " .. process_count)
-- Check if important services are running
print("\n3. Service Status Check:")
services = {"ssh", "cron", "systemd"}
for i = 1, #services do
local service = services[i]
local result = `pgrep #{service} | wc -l`
if tonumber(result) > 0 then
print(" ✓ " .. service .. " is running")
else
print(" ✗ " .. service .. " not found")
end
end
-- Disk usage analysis
print("\n4. Disk Usage:")
disk_usage = `df -h /`
print(" Root filesystem:")
!df -h / | tail -1
-- Log file analysis
print("\n5. Log Analysis:")
if `test -f /var/log/syslog && echo "exists"` == "exists" then
print(" Recent system errors:")
!tail -5 /var/log/syslog | grep -i error || echo " No recent errors found"
else
print(" Syslog not accessible (normal on macOS)")
end
-- Network connectivity check
print("\n6. Network Check:")
hosts_to_check = {"google.com", "github.com"}
for i = 1, #hosts_to_check do
local host = hosts_to_check[i]
local ping_result = `ping -c 1 #{host} >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "ok" || echo "fail"`
if ping_result == "ok" then
print(" ✓ " .. host .. " is reachable")
else
print(" ✗ " .. host .. " is unreachable")
end
end
-- Generate a simple system report
print("\n7. Generating System Report:")
$REPORT_DATE = `date`
report = "System Report - " .. $REPORT_DATE .. "\n"
report = report .. "User: " .. $USER .. "\n"
report = report .. "System: " .. os_name .. " " .. architecture .. "\n"
report = report .. "Processes: " .. process_count .. "\n"
-- Write report to file (using Lua's file operations)
local file = io.open("system_report.txt", "w")
if file then
file:write(report)
file:close()
print(" Report saved to system_report.txt")
else
print(" Failed to write report file")
end

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-- Test environment variables
print("Current shell: " .. $SHELL)
-- Test environment variable assignment
$HELLO = "my variable"
print("HELLO = " .. $HELLO)
-- Test $VAR inside strings (should NOT be substituted)
print("This should print literally: $SHELL and $HOME")
-- Test $VAR outside strings (should be substituted)
print("Home directory: " .. $HOME)
-- Test shell commands
current_dir = `pwd`
print("Current directory: " .. current_dir)
-- Test interactive command
!echo "Running interactive command"

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Variable Interpolation Demo
print("=== Variable Interpolation in Shell Commands ===\n")
print("1. Basic variable interpolation:")
service = "ssh"
result = `pgrep #{service} | wc -l`
print(" Processes named '" .. service .. "': " .. result)
print("\n2. Multiple variables in one command:")
dir = "/tmp"
pattern = "*.log"
files = `find #{dir} -name #{pattern} 2>/dev/null | wc -l`
print(" Files matching '" .. pattern .. "' in " .. dir .. ": " .. files)
print("\n3. Network connectivity check:")
host = "google.com"
ping_result = `ping -c 1 #{host} >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "ok" || echo "fail"`
print(" " .. host .. " is " .. (ping_result == "ok" and "reachable" or "unreachable"))
print("\n4. Dynamic file operations:")
filename = "README.md"
if `test -f #{filename}` ~= "" then
lines = `wc -l < #{filename}`
print(" " .. filename .. " has " .. lines .. " lines")
else
print(" " .. filename .. " not found")
end
print("\n✨ Use #{variable} syntax to substitute Lua variables into shell commands!")

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#!/usr/bin/env lua
-- luash: Minimal Lua shell scripting preprocessor
-- 1. Check for an input file
local filename = arg[1]
if not filename then
print("Usage: luash <script.luash>")
return
end
local file = io.open(filename, "r")
if not file then
print("Error: Cannot open file '" .. filename .. "'")
return
end
local source_code = file:read("*a")
file:close()
-- Remove shebang line if present
source_code = source_code:gsub("^#![^\r\n]*[\r\n]?", "")
-- Preprocessing functions
local function process_env_vars(code)
local lines = {}
for line in code:gmatch("([^\r\n]*)") do
if not line:match("^%s*%-%-") then -- Skip comments
-- Handle environment variable assignment: $VAR=value
if line:match("^%$([%w_]+)%s*=") then
line = line:gsub("^%$([%w_]+)%s*=%s*(.+)", function(var, value)
return "env_set('" .. var .. "', " .. value .. ")"
end)
else
-- Handle $VAR substitution, but not inside strings
local in_string = false
local quote_char = nil
local result = ""
local i = 1
while i <= #line do
local char = line:sub(i, i)
-- Track string boundaries
if (char == '"' or char == "'") and (i == 1 or line:sub(i-1, i-1) ~= "\\") then
if not in_string then
in_string = true
quote_char = char
elseif char == quote_char then
in_string = false
quote_char = nil
end
result = result .. char
i = i + 1
elseif char == "$" and not in_string then
-- Found $ outside of string, check for variable pattern
local var_match = line:sub(i):match("^%$([%w_]+)")
if var_match then
result = result .. "env_get('" .. var_match .. "')"
i = i + #var_match + 1
else
result = result .. char
i = i + 1
end
else
result = result .. char
i = i + 1
end
end
line = result
end
end
table.insert(lines, line)
end
return table.concat(lines, "\n")
end
local function process_shell_commands(code)
local lines = {}
for line in code:gmatch("([^\r\n]*)") do
-- Skip processing backticks inside strings
local in_string = false
local quote_char = nil
local result = ""
local i = 1
while i <= #line do
local char = line:sub(i, i)
-- Track string boundaries
if (char == '"' or char == "'") and (i == 1 or line:sub(i-1, i-1) ~= "\\") then
if not in_string then
in_string = true
quote_char = char
elseif char == quote_char then
in_string = false
quote_char = nil
end
result = result .. char
i = i + 1
elseif char == "`" and not in_string then
-- Found backtick outside of string, find the closing backtick
local end_pos = line:find("`", i + 1)
if end_pos then
local command = line:sub(i + 1, end_pos - 1)
-- Handle variable interpolation with #{var} syntax
if command:find("#{") then
-- Escape existing quotes first, then do interpolation
local escaped_cmd = command:gsub('"', '\\"')
local interpolated_cmd = escaped_cmd:gsub("#{([%w_.]+)}", '" .. tostring(%1) .. "')
result = result .. 'shell("' .. interpolated_cmd .. '")'
else
result = result .. 'shell("' .. command:gsub('"', '\\"') .. '")'
end
i = end_pos + 1
else
result = result .. char
i = i + 1
end
else
result = result .. char
i = i + 1
end
end
table.insert(lines, result)
end
return table.concat(lines, "\n")
end
local function process_interactive_commands(code)
local lines = {}
for line in code:gmatch("([^\r\n]*)") do
-- Only match ! at the beginning of the line (ignoring whitespace)
local command = line:match("^%s*!(.*)")
if command then
local indent = line:match("^(%s*)")
table.insert(lines, indent .. 'run("' .. command:gsub('"', '\\"') .. '")')
else
table.insert(lines, line)
end
end
return table.concat(lines, "\n")
end
-- Load injected helper functions (minimal)
local injected_lib_path = debug.getinfo(1, "S").source:match("@(.*/)") or "./"
local lib_file = io.open(injected_lib_path .. "__injected_lib.lua", "r")
local injected_lib = ""
if lib_file then
injected_lib = lib_file:read("*a")
lib_file:close()
end
-- Apply preprocessing
source_code = process_env_vars(source_code)
source_code = process_interactive_commands(source_code)
source_code = process_shell_commands(source_code)
-- Combine and execute
local final_code = injected_lib .. "\n" .. source_code
-- Debug output
if os.getenv("LUASH_DEBUG") then
print("-- Generated Lua code:")
print(final_code)
print("-- End generated code")
end
-- Execute
local func, err = load(final_code, "@" .. filename)
if not func then
print("--- SYNTAX ERROR in " .. filename .. " ---")
print(err)
else
local success, result = pcall(func)
if not success then
print("--- RUNTIME ERROR in " .. filename .. " ---")
print(result)
end
end

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#!/usr/bin/env luash
-- Luash Showcase: Highlight the best features
print("🚀 Luash - Minimal Lua Shell Scripting")
print("=" .. string.rep("=", 45))
print("\n💡 Why Luash?")
print("✓ Clean syntax - no more bash quoting nightmares")
print("✓ Real programming language features")
print("✓ Seamless shell integration")
print("✓ Minimal and focused")
print("\n📊 Quick Comparison:")
print("┌─────────────────┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┐")
print("│ Task │ Bash │ Luash │")
print("├─────────────────┼─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┤")
print("│ Variables │ VAR=\"value\" │ $VAR = \"value\" │")
print("│ Command Sub │ result=$(cmd) │ result = `cmd` │")
print("│ Conditionals │ if [ -f file ]; fi │ if `test -f file` │")
print("│ Arrays │ arr=(a b c) │ arr = {\"a\",\"b\",\"c\"} │")
print("│ Functions │ Limited │ Full Lua functions │")
print("└─────────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┘")
print("\n🎯 Live Examples:")
print("\n1. Environment & Variables")
print(" Current user: " .. $USER)
$GREETING = "Hello from Luash"
print(" Custom var: " .. $GREETING)
print("\n2. Shell Integration")
system_info = `uname -a`
print(" System: " .. system_info)
file_count = `ls | wc -l`
print(" Files here: " .. file_count)
print("\n3. Real Programming")
-- Lua's power: functions, tables, proper data types
function analyze_directory(path)
local files = `ls -la ` .. (path or ".")
local lines = {}
local file_count = 0
local total_size = 0
for line in files:gmatch("[^\n]+") do
if not line:match("^total") and not line:match("^d") then
file_count = file_count + 1
-- Extract size (5th field in ls -la)
local size = line:match("%S+%s+%S+%s+%S+%s+%S+%s+(%d+)")
if size then
total_size = total_size + tonumber(size)
end
end
end
return file_count, total_size
end
files, size = analyze_directory()
print(" Analysis: " .. files .. " files, " .. size .. " bytes total")
print("\n4. Error Handling")
if `which git 2>/dev/null` ~= "" then
print(" ✓ Git is available")
if `git status 2>/dev/null` ~= "" then
branch = `git branch --show-current 2>/dev/null`
print(" Current branch: " .. branch)
else
print(" Not in a git repository")
end
else
print(" ✗ Git not installed")
end
print("\n5. Data Processing")
-- Create and process some data
sample_data = {
{name = "Alice", score = 95},
{name = "Bob", score = 87},
{name = "Charlie", score = 92}
}
total_score = 0
for i = 1, #sample_data do
total_score = total_score + sample_data[i].score
end
average = total_score / #sample_data
print(" Student scores processed:")
print(" Average: " .. string.format("%.1f", average))
-- Find highest scorer
best_student = sample_data[1]
for i = 2, #sample_data do
if sample_data[i].score > best_student.score then
best_student = sample_data[i]
end
end
print(" Top student: " .. best_student.name .. " (" .. best_student.score .. ")")
print("\n🎪 Interactive Demo:")
print(" Let's see what's running on your system...")
!ps aux | head -5
print("\n📈 Performance:")
start_time = `date +%s.%N`
-- Simulate some work
for i = 1, 1000 do
local _ = string.upper("performance test " .. i)
end
end_time = `date +%s.%N`
-- Calculate duration (requires bash-style arithmetic)
duration = tonumber(end_time) - tonumber(start_time)
print(" Processed 1000 operations in " .. string.format("%.3f", duration) .. " seconds")
print("\n✨ Try these demos:")
print(" ./luash demo_quick_examples.luash # Side-by-side with bash")
print(" ./luash demo_system_admin.luash # Sysadmin tasks")
print(" ./luash demo_development.luash # Dev workflows")
print(" ./luash demo_data_processing.luash # Data analysis")
print("\n🎉 Luash: Shell scripting that doesn't make you cry!")

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System Report - Fri Aug 29 00:17:34 BST 2025
User: nik
System: Darwin arm64
Processes: 750